Artikelen

• Het Oost-Indisch Huis te Amsterdam: problemen bij de reconstructie van een historisch interieur

  The article deals with the reconstruction of the meeting hall of the 'heren XVII' of the Dutch East India Company in the Amsterdam East Indian House as a representative reception room of the Amsterdam University. The essence of the article is the moral question to what extent a reconstruction does justice to the history and historical values of a historically important building.

  The question is further worked out on the basis of the questions whether the reconstruction itself is to be called successful and whether the chosen location of the hall is historically correct. The authors take the view that a proof of professional skill was achieved in the hall, but that in parts of it the quality of the work was less good.

  In two cases, not clearly distinguishable to the layman, interior components were applied for embellishment, which have no historical basis. According to the authors it is most likely that the location of the hall was at the front side on the upper floor and far less likely at the rear side on the ground floor, the place of the reconstruction.

  The most important proof is the place of the chimneys in historical prints. In 1811 these chimneys were pulled down for the purpose of a new heating plan. Not one single clue has been found for localising the hall on the ground floor at the rear. The article is a plea for elaborate building-historical research prior to any reconstruction and recommends operating with a certain caution in the event of lack of sufficient remains.

  The article deals with the reconstruction of the meeting hall of the 'heren XVII' of the Dutch East India Company in the Amsterdam East Indian House as a representative reception room of the Amsterdam University. The essence of the article is the moral question to what extent a reconstruction does justice to the history and historical values of a historically important building.

  The question is further worked out on the basis of the questions whether the reconstruction itself is to be called successful and whether the chosen location of the hall is historically correct. The authors take the view that a proof of professional skill was achieved in the hall, but that in parts of it the quality of the work was less good.

  In two cases, not clearly distinguishable to the layman, interior components were applied for embellishment, which have no historical basis. According to the authors it is most likely that the location of the hall was at the front side on the upper...

  The article deals with the reconstruction of the meeting hall of the 'heren XVII' of the Dutch East India Company in the Amsterdam East Indian House as a representative reception room of the Amsterdam University. The essence of the article is the moral question to what extent a reconstruction...

  E.H. Mattie, Cees van Soestbergen

  93-99

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• Nogmaals Petersburg langs de Vecht. Een vergelijking tussen twee plattegronden voor deze buitenplaats uit de Collectie Beudeker en uit de Collectie van Peter de Grote

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by his friend Christoffel Brants. Brants even had a Russian bathing stove built for him.

  Consequently, it is not surprising that in 1717 Peter the Great received a floor plan (with buildings) of Petersburg as a gift from Brants. The well-known collector of prints, naturalia and antiquities Christoffel Beudeker also came into possession of a floor plan of Petersburg. In the article both these floor plans (a site drawing and a model drawing) are accurately compared with each other and also with the views of Petersburg published in the well-known book De Zegepralende Vecht by A. de Leth and D. Stopendaal (1719).

  The draft drawing of the ‘architect’ Simon Schijnvoet proves to contain quite extensive information on the dimensioning of the site and buildings. It appears that Schijnvoet still focused on the Renaissance masters and classics. He provided the mathematical layout of the site with buildings with dimensions according to the harmonious proportions of tierce and quint, analogous to those of measurable, visible forms.

  What lent Petersburg a truly and typically Dutch technical ingenuity is the musical ensemble of ornamental gardens, kitchen gardens, cultivation gardens and lanes, canals and quays, smoothly melting into one another in a harmonious way. The various parts of the country estate are subsequently discussed and it is concluded that the draft drawing almost entirely corresponds to the situation executed, contrary to the situation drawn on the ‘clean drawing’ or model drawing.

  The latter was mainly an ornamental drawing that was probably hanging in the house. Attention is also paid to the possible influence that the draft of the Netherlands Petersburg may have had on the situation of country estates along the banks of rivers and the Finnish Gulf in St. Petersburg (compared to the situation along the Vecht) and possibly also on the layout of the site of the country estate Dalniye Doebki, designed by the Dutchman Steven van Zwieten.

  Just as Petersburg this country estate is defined by water systems transecting the entire site. Finally, an aerial photograph shows that a number of 18th-century structures are still quite clearly present below ground level at the site of Petersburg, such as the transverse basin behind the house, the round basins, some canals and the sight avenue.

  A landscape archaeological research might provide certainty as regards any other possibly present remains. In case of a positive result a proposal to designate Petersburg as an archaeological monument would be more justified.

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by his friend Christoffel Brants. Brants even had a Russian bathing stove built for him.

  Consequently, it is not surprising that in 1717 Peter the Great received a floor plan (with buildings) of Petersburg as a gift from Brants. The well-known collector of prints, naturalia and antiquities Christoffel Beudeker also came into possession of a floor plan of Petersburg. In the article both these floor plans (a site drawing and a model drawing) are accurately compared with each other and also with the views of Petersburg published in the well-known book De Zegepralende Vecht by A. de Leth and D. Stopendaal (1719).

  The draft drawing of the ‘architect’ Simon Schijnvoet proves to...

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by...

  Carla S. Oldenburger-Ebbers, Andrey L. Reiman

  100-112

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• Dudok - Noorderbegraafplaats in Hilversum. Het is niet alles geel wat er blinkt

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by his friend Christoffel Brants. Brants even had a Russian bathing stove built for him.

  Consequently, it is not surprising that in 1717 Peter the Great received a floor plan (with buildings) of Petersburg as a gift from Brants. The well-known collector of prints, naturalia and antiquities Christoffel Beudeker also came into possession of a floor plan of Petersburg. In the article both these floor plans (a site drawing and a model drawing) are accurately compared with each other and also with the views of Petersburg published in the well-known book De Zegepralende Vecht by A. de Leth and D. Stopendaal (1719).

  The draft drawing of the ‘architect’ Simon Schijnvoet proves to contain quite extensive information on the dimensioning of the site and buildings. It appears that Schijnvoet still focused on the Renaissance masters and classics. He provided the mathematical layout of the site with buildings with dimensions according to the harmonious proportions of tierce and quint, analogous to those of measurable, visible forms.

  What lent Petersburg a truly and typically Dutch technical ingenuity is the musical ensemble of ornamental gardens, kitchen gardens, cultivation gardens and lanes, canals and quays, smoothly melting into one another in a harmonious way. The various parts of the country estate are subsequently discussed and it is concluded that the draft drawing almost entirely corresponds to the situation executed, contrary to the situation drawn on the ‘clean drawing’ or model drawing.

  The latter was mainly an ornamental drawing that was probably hanging in the house. Attention is also paid to the possible influence that the draft of the Netherlands Petersburg may have had on the situation of country estates along the banks of rivers and the Finnish Gulf in St. Petersburg (compared to the situation along the Vecht) and possibly also on the layout of the site of the country estate Dalniye Doebki, designed by the Dutchman Steven van Zwieten.

  Just as Petersburg this country estate is defined by water systems transecting the entire site. Finally, an aerial photograph shows that a number of 18th-century structures are still quite clearly present below ground level at the site of Petersburg, such as the transverse basin behind the house, the round basins, some canals and the sight avenue.

  A landscape archaeological research might provide certainty as regards any other possibly present remains. In case of a positive result a proposal to designate Petersburg as an archaeological monument would be more justified.

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by his friend Christoffel Brants. Brants even had a Russian bathing stove built for him.

  Consequently, it is not surprising that in 1717 Peter the Great received a floor plan (with buildings) of Petersburg as a gift from Brants. The well-known collector of prints, naturalia and antiquities Christoffel Beudeker also came into possession of a floor plan of Petersburg. In the article both these floor plans (a site drawing and a model drawing) are accurately compared with each other and also with the views of Petersburg published in the well-known book De Zegepralende Vecht by A. de Leth and D. Stopendaal (1719).

  The draft drawing of the ‘architect’ Simon Schijnvoet proves to...

  The Peter the Great Year 1996 / 1997 resulted in a renewed interest in Peter the Great's country houses in the Netherlands in 1696/1697 and 1716/1717 and the places and persons he visited at that time. On several occasions he stayed at the country estate Petersburg along the Vecht, owned by...

  Gré ten Caat, Wim Frisart

  113-115

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• The artificial life of heritage

  De manier waarop de overheid van Kathmandu in Nepal de tempel van Akash Bhairava aan Indra Chowk restaureert, lijkt overgenomen van specialisten uit het Westen. Het uitgangspunt hierbij is de reconstructie van de oorspronkelijke toestand van het monument.

  De meest recente westerse inzichten, die juist de nadruk leggen op het bewaren van een monument in zijn overgeleverde toestand, zijn waarschijnlijk te exclusief en genieten over het algemeen zo weinig erkenning, dat ze er geen of nauwelijks invloed hebben. In scherpe tegenstelling tot deze door de overheid gesteunde manier van restaureren, staat de manier waarop de meeste niet door de overheid beschermde tempels in Nepal worden hersteld en onderhouden.

  Buiten de invloedssfeer van de lokale overheid en de internationale instanties zijn de oude tempels overgeleverd aan de smaak van de gelovigen. Het verschil tussen het westerse vakmanschap en de lokale handwerksman is onmiddellijk zichtbaar en daardoor wordt de wetenschappelijk gerestaureerde tempel in zekere zin ontheven aan de couleur locale.

  Een dergelijke tempel is als het ware een westerse projectie geworden van oosterse schoonheid, terwijl de andere tempels met hun schreeuwende kleuren, moderne materialen en hun vaak 'kitscherige' uitdossing de directe expressie zijn van de inheemse cultuur. Deze categorie is natuurlijk ook sterk door het Westen beïnvloed, bijvoorbeeld in de toepassing van moderne materialen, maar deze invloed is op een onwesterse manier verwerkt.

  Het lijkt er dus op dat de monumenten die op een wetenschappelijke manier zijn gerestaureerd, vervreemd worden van de inheemse cultuur, terwijl de inheemse cultuur te weinig respect toont voor de historische waarde van de monumenten, althans in de ogen van westerse specialisten. Maar deze 'aangetaste' monumenten zijn in ieder geval wel echt oosters, terwijl de wetenschappelijk gerestaureerde monumenten een soort gezuiverde vorm van de oosterse cultuur uitstralen.

  Deze tegenstelling is niet typisch voor Nepal, maar is er misschien wel opvallender dan elders en dat komt vermoedelijk vooral door de grote druk van wat men de culturele ontwikkelingshulp zou kunnen noemen. Die moet wel blijven, natuurlijk, maar dan met minder voorschriften van westerse specialisten.

  De invloed van het Westen op de Nepalese cultuur is niet meer weg te denken, maar het zou, denk ik, beter zijn voor de continuïteit van deze cultuur wanneer de opvattingen van westerse specialisten minder duidelijk aan de lokale historische architectuur af te lezen zouden zijn. Te voorkomen is dit natuurlijk nooit helemaal, want westerse maatstaven worden soms zonder enige druk van buitenaf overgenomen, bijvoorbeeld omdat men denkt dat het Westen 'verder' is op dit gebied dan Nepal

  De manier waarop de overheid van Kathmandu in Nepal de tempel van Akash Bhairava aan Indra Chowk restaureert, lijkt overgenomen van specialisten uit het Westen. Het uitgangspunt hierbij is de reconstructie van de oorspronkelijke toestand van het monument.

  De meest recente westerse inzichten, die juist de nadruk leggen op het bewaren van een monument in zijn overgeleverde toestand, zijn waarschijnlijk te exclusief en genieten over het algemeen zo weinig erkenning, dat ze er geen of nauwelijks invloed hebben. In scherpe tegenstelling tot deze door de overheid gesteunde manier van restaureren, staat de manier waarop de meeste niet door de overheid beschermde tempels in Nepal worden hersteld en onderhouden.

  Buiten de invloedssfeer van de lokale overheid en de internationale instanties zijn de oude tempels overgeleverd aan de smaak van de gelovigen. Het verschil tussen het westerse vakmanschap en de lokale handwerksman is onmiddellijk zichtbaar en daardoor wordt de...

  De manier waarop de overheid van Kathmandu in Nepal de tempel van Akash Bhairava aan Indra Chowk restaureert, lijkt overgenomen van specialisten uit het Westen. Het uitgangspunt hierbij is de reconstructie van de oorspronkelijke toestand van het monument.

  De meest recente westerse...

  Wim Denslagen

  116-122

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